Los episodios climáticos y las reorganizaciones culturales. Una mirada al Holoceno.

Climate and human development have had a mixed history, sometimes it has been seen in a deterministic way and other times from a naive environmentalism viewpoint. These reflections are important to understand with regard to the role that humanity has played in climate change and, of course, in the way in which climate change has impacted human evolution. The diachronic review of climate development throughout the Holocene period shows a large number of variables that affected both short and long-term alterations. For its part, humanity has acted on the environment and on ecological environments, thus leading to the mass extinctions of species, which testifies to the fact that the interaction between society and climate is both complex and non-linear, and that mutual impact has occurred in areas of fragility. The Holocene was a period of high temperatures mixed with abrupt cold episodes. The long-term trend seems to indicate that the optimum climatic conditions have been warm, thus allowing for the development and complexity of societies, whilst most crises and collapses have been associated with abrupt cold episodes, which have been linked to important transitions, including feudalism and capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]