How fire history affects germination cues of three perennial grasses from the mountain steppes of Golestan National Park.

• Our study investigated the effect of smoke and heat on three perennial grasses species from Western Asian grasslands. • Germination of the study species was reduced by the heat treatments. • Germination of S. zalesskii was increased in parental burn environment. • The effects of parental burn environment should be considered to better understand fire impacts in different ecossystems. Smoke and heat as germination cues are some of the most important drivers stimulating seed germination. However, the impact of germination factors from wildfire (i.e., smoke and heat) on the germination of species occurring in western Asia has rarely been investigated. We aimed to analyze the effects of different smoke and heat treatments on seed germination of three perennial grasses (Festuca valesiaca, Poa densa, and Stipa zalesskii) collected from two non-burned and burned environments of the mountain steppes in Golestan National Park, Iran. Seeds were germinated on filter paper following smoke (1:2000, 1:1000, and 1:500, v/v) or heat (50, 80, 100°C) treatments. Results showed that the germination of study species was reduced by heat treatments, whereas no particular response was observed with the smoke treatments. Interestingly, the fire history influenced magnitude of effects of fire-related germination cues, leading to slightly lower germination for F. valesiaca and P. densa and higher germination for S. zalesskii. Our results indicate that fire-related germination cues have different impacts on these grassland species. The consideration of the fire history of specific sites on germination ecology seems important to understand the effects of fire on the plant communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]