Single-end fault identification scheme for multi-terminal DC grid based on amplitude similarity of injection signal.

• The proposed scheme is based on single terminal and independent of the DC boundary. • The proposed scheme used signal injection strategy needed for fault identification and improve reliability. • The proposed scheme is for the multi-terminal DC grid. • The proposed scheme is for fault isolation and system recovery stage. Effective fault identification scheme plays an important role in the fault isolation stage and system recovery stage of multi-terminal DC grid. Therefore, an active detection based single-end DC fault identification scheme is proposed to improve the reliability and sensitivity of fault identification. The control strategy is suggested of the generation of sinusoidal signals at different frequencies by the hybrid modular multilevel converters. Based on the blocking effect of the fault branch on the injection signal, by introducing the improved correlation discrimination algorithm, a single-end fault identification scheme is proposed by using the amplitude difference between the measured and calculated values of injection signals. The proposed scheme can be used for fault isolation and adaptive system recovery. Intensive simulation studies prove the improved sensitivity, and reliability of the proposed scheme for the full length of transmission line without relying on DC boundary. Moreover, the scheme can identify the permanent fault during the system recovery stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]