Energy distribution in EV energy network under energy shortage.

Smart grids can use energy stored in electric vehicles (EVs) through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. When the mobility of electric vehicles is combined with V2G technology, electric vehicles can form an energy transmission network called the EV energy network. The EV energy network relies heavily on renewable energy, but due to the unstable nature of renewable energy, sometimes the energy supply is insufficient. If no adjustment is made for energy shortage, the EV energy network will soon collapse. This paper studies how to make the EV energy network operate normally as long as possible when the energy shortage comes. In order to ensure the survivability of the system in the event of energy shortage, a global optimization algorithm is proposed. New terms and criteria are defined for this scenario to evaluate algorithms' performance. The global optimization algorithm is simulated on real bus line data from Manhattan and the Pioneer Valley Transportation Authority (PVTA). Simulation results show that the algorithm is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]