Effects of self‐management programs on blood pressure, self‐efficacy, medication adherence and body mass index in older adults with hypertension: Meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Aim: To assess the effects of self‐management interventions on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, self‐efficacy, medication adherence and body mass index in older adults with hypertension. Background: Effective treatment of hypertension may require the practice of self‐management behaviours. However, evidence on effects of self‐management interventions on blood pressure, self‐efficacy, medication adherence and body mass index in older adults with hypertension is lacking. Design A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data sources: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid‐Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and other sources were searched to October 2020. Review methods: Data were analysed using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis 2.0 and quality assessment was done using ROB 2.0. The pooled effect sizes were reported as Hedges' g values with corresponding 95% confidence intervals using a random‐effects model. Results: Twelve randomized controlled trials met our inclusion criteria. The results revealed that self‐management interventions significantly decreased blood pressure and increased self‐efficacy and medication adherence in older adult patients with hypertension, with no significant effect on body mass index. Conclusions: Self‐management interventions have considerable beneficial effects in older adults with hypertension. Health care providers should implement self‐management interventions to strengthen the patient's role in managing their health. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Current evidence suggests self‐management interventions as a potential strategy for decreasing blood pressure in patients with hypertension.There is limited evidence of the effectiveness of self‐management interventions on blood pressure, self‐efficacy, medication adherence and body mass index in older adults with hypertension. What this paper adds? Self‐management interventions can decrease systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and improve self‐efficacy and medication adherence in older adults with hypertension. The implication of this paper: Findings highlight the importance of implementing self‐management programs in older adult patients with hypertension.Health care providers should implement self‐management interventions that are tailored to the individual's level of self‐efficacy to strengthen the patient's role in managing their health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]