Presynaptic store-operated Ca2+ entry drives excitatory spontaneous neurotransmission and augments endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is activated by depletion of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mediated by stromal interaction molecule (STIM) proteins. Here, we show that in rat and mouse hippocampal neurons, acute ER Ca2+ depletion increases presynaptic Ca2+ levels and glutamate release through a pathway dependent on STIM2 and the synaptic Ca2+ sensor synaptotagmin-7 (syt7). In contrast, synaptotagmin-1 (syt1) can suppress SOCE-mediated spontaneous release, and STIM2 is required for the increase in spontaneous release seen during syt1 loss of function. We also demonstrate that chronic ER stress activates the same pathway leading to syt7-dependent potentiation of spontaneous glutamate release. During ER stress, inhibition of SOCE or syt7-driven fusion partially restored basal neurotransmission and decreased expression of pro-apoptotic markers, indicating that these processes participate in the amplification of ER-stress-related damage. Taken together, we propose that presynaptic SOCE links ER stress and augmented spontaneous neurotransmission, which may, in turn, facilitate neurodegeneration. [Display omitted] • SOCE can potentiate excitatory spontaneous neurotransmission • SOCE is mediated by STIM2 and drives neurotransmitter release through syt7 • Syt1 clamps SOCE-mediated spontaneous release • The SOCE/syt7 pathway participates in propagation of ER-stress-related neuronal damage Chanaday et al. uncover the underlying molecular mechanism coupling store-operated Ca2+ entry to neurotransmitter release at excitatory presynaptic terminals. Activation of this mechanism during chronic ER stress may exacerbate and help propagate the neuronal damage via increased glutamate release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]