Open Versus Ultrasound Guided Tunneled Central Venous Access in children: A Randomized Controlled Study.

The purpose of this study was to compare open insertion to ultrasound guided percutaneous insertion of central access catheters performed in a tertiary pediatric hospital in terms of its safety and complication rates. This was an ethics approved prospective randomized trial of children under 16 y of age. Procedure was performed by surgeons with varying experience with percutaneous and open insertion. Primary outcome studied was complications-immediate and late. Secondary outcomes were time taken to complete procedure, conversion rates, duration of line use. A total of 108 patients were analyzed. Sixty-four were male. Right internal jugular vein was accessed in 97. Eighty-one lines were double lumen, 23 implantable access devices, and the rest were single lumen catheters. More than one needle puncture was needed in 22% of the cases but there were no conversions in the ultrasound group. Twelve patients needed more than one insertion to achieve optimal position of the tip. Eleven patients had immediate and late complications. Percutaneous lines lasted 45 d longer though this was not statistically significant. Operating time was 20.6% shorter with percutaneous access. Post-removal measurement of vein size by ultrasound demonstrated significant decrease in size in the open group. Ultrasound guided percutaneous insertion was safe. The study also demonstrated a decrease in operating times, preservation of vein size, and no increase in complication rates in the US group when performed by operators of varying expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]