Hales Discontinuity in the Southern Indian Continental Lithosphere: Seismological and Petrological Models.

We model the depth and Vs structure of the Hales discontinuity (H‐D) beneath Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) and Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) using P wave receiver function (P‐RF) analysis and joint inversion with Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion. We calculate P‐RFs at higher frequency (fmax = 0.46 Hz), compared to previous studies, to show that the H‐D P‐to‐S converted phase (Phs) is distinct from crustal reverberations. Phs at stations Hyderabad (HYB) and Gauribidanur (GBA), in the EDC, arrive at ∼11.5 s and ∼12 s, respectively. From joint inversion, the H‐D is modeled at 107 ± 5 km and 113 ± 4 km depth, with ∼3% and ∼4% Vs increase, beneath HYB and GBA, respectively. For station Kodaikanal (KOD), in SGT, the Phs destructively interferes with the negative midcrustal reverberation at most ray‐parameters, which explains its apparent absence in previous studies. We isolated P‐RFs where Phs is distinct at ∼11 s and model it at 102 ± 3 km depth. Common conversion point stack profiles constructed by depth migrating P‐RFs through the Vs model show an undulatory nature of the H‐D. From data of mantle xenoliths (Wajrakarur kimberlite field), we calculate Vs of mantle peridotite and eclogite, using published bulk rock compositions. At the H‐D depth and temperature derived from Indian shield geotherm, we observed a good match to the Vs structure of the H‐D. Our results support the geodynamic model of the H‐D being an interface of paleosubducted eclogitic oceanic crust embedded within the upper mantle peridotite. Global observations of mantle reflectors within the continental lithosphere, at depths similar to H‐D, have been related to relict subduction and independently support our model. Key Points: Hales discontinuity beneath Eastern Dharwar and Southern Granulites is at 107–113 km and ∼102 km depths, with Vs increase of 3%–4% and 8%Vs above and below Hales discontinuity correspond to mantle peridotite and eclogite, metamorphosed from subducted oceanic crustal gabbroOrigin of Hales discontinuity explained by shallow subduction of oceanic lithosphere and subsequent preservation during craton stabilization [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]