The productivity of natural forage lands of Kazakhstan.

The assessment of the agricultural landscape state of natural forage lands was carried out in 1997-2018 based on several components. The main ones that determine the essence of ecosystems of this type are the features of their formation, the development of a reaction to an anthropogenic process, are the genesis of natural forage lands, the degree of disturbance, resistance to external anthropogenic factors. The distribution of natural forage lands, into conditionally indigenous and production (post-forest), show not only the degree of disturbance of natural vegetation, but also more accurately assess the resistance of ecosystems to grazing, since production, communities, as initially disturbed, are in an unstable state. Field surveys are considered and presented in order to study the vegetation and soil cover of natural forage lands - hayfields and pastures of Kazakhstan in forest-steppe, steppe, semi-desert, desert, mountain zones, their yield and quality of the resulting forage for their rational use are shown. Protection and development of recommendations. The survey determined the agroecological state of natural forage lands, the occupied area, revealed the structure and communities of vegetation cover, typological composition, agrolandscape with territorial distribution of forage lands, modern use of natural forage lands, opportunities for rational use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]