ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ İLE MAKROEKONOMİK BELİRLEYİCİLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: SEÇİLMİŞ ÜLKELER İÇİN BİR PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Environment, the main source of the welfare of societies, has become an important threat to welfare today. The effectiveness of the measures to be taken for "qualified environment", included in the list of basic needs, depends on the definition of the relationship between environmental pollution and macroeconomic variables. In this study, for the 1995-2016 period, the relationship between the environmental pollution and macroeconomic variables affecting the environmental pollution in Denmark, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Switzerland, Britain and Turkey was analyzed by panel data method. The environmental pollution variable has been calculated through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) by considering gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, NH3, NMVOC, CO and NOx) causing air pollution. Explanatory variables are per capita income, foreign direct investments, human development index and environmental taxes. According to the Pedroni co-integration test, variables are co-integrated in the long run. Pedroni FMOLS and DOLS results show that the increase in human development index in the long term significantly reduces environmental pollution. While environmental taxes have no effect according to FMOLS, DOLS results indicate that environmental taxes increase environmental pollution. Therefore, it is possible to say that the development of environmental awareness in societies will have stronger effects on environmental pollution than authoritarian practices such as taxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]