Proteomic approaches to drive advances in helminth extracellular vesicle research.

• The proteomic composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is known for 17 helminths. • No bona fide biomarkers have been described yet for the different EV populations. • Targeted and untargeted proteomic approaches could help identifying biomarkers. • Novel proteomic approaches are needed to unravel the mechanisms of EV biogenesis. Helminths can interact with their hosts in many different ways, including through the secretion of soluble molecules (such as lipids, glycans and proteins) and extracellular vesicles (EVs). The field of helminth secreted EVs has significantly advanced in recent years, mainly due to the molecular characterisation of EV proteomes and research highlighting the potential of EVs and their constituent molecules in the diagnosis and control of parasitic infections. Despite these advancements, the lack of appropriate isolation and purification methods is impeding the discovery of suitable biomarkers for the differentiation of helminth EV populations. In the present review we offer our viewpoint on the different proteomic techniques and approaches that have been developed, as well as solutions to common pitfalls and challenges that could be applied to advance the study of helminth EVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]