Human DUBs' gene expression and regulation in antiviral signaling in response to poly (I:C) treatment.

• G5 (DUB inhibitor) affected Type I IFNs and NF-□B signaling induced by poly(I:C). • G5 (DUB inhibitor) affected NEMO ubiquitination induced by poly(I:C). • DUB gene differential expression induced poly(I:C) was analyzed in THP-1 cell. • New DUBs were screened as regulators in antiviral signaling. Type I interferons (IFNs) play a central role in host defense against viral infection. Multiple posttranslational modifications including ubiquitination and deubiquitination regulate the function of diverse molecules in type I IFN signaling. Many ubiquitin ligase enzymes, such as those of the TRAF and TRIM families, have been shown to participate in the production of type I IFNs and inflammatory cytokines. However, the function of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), a protein family that counteracts the action of protein ubiquitination, on the regulation of antiviral immune responses is not well understood. In this study, we used the broad-spectrum DUB inhibitor G5 to reveal their function in antiviral signaling, and then systematically analyzed mRNA expression of the DUB genes upon poly (I:C) treatment in THP-1 cells. Based on this analysis, we cloned some DUB genes whose expression changed and determined their function in antiviral signaling. Taken together, we present a comprehensive DUB gene expression analysis in THP-1 cells, and suggest the involvement of this family of proteins in the regulation of host antiviral activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]