Grid-independent High Resolution Dust Emissions (v1.0) for Chemical Transport Models: Application to GEOS-Chem (version 12.5.0).

The nonlinear dependence of the dust saltation process on wind speed poses a challenge for models of varying resolutions. This challenge is of particular relevance for the next generation of chemical transport models with nimble capability for multiple resolutions. We develop and apply a method to harmonize dust emissions across simulations of different resolutions by generating offline grid-independent dust emissions driven by native high-resolution meteorological fields. We implement into the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model a high-resolution dust source function to generate updated offline dust emissions. These updated offline dust emissions based on high-resolution meteorological fields can better resolve weak dust source regions, such as in southern South America, southern Africa, and the southwestern United States. Identification of an appropriate dust emission strength is facilitated by the resolution independence of offline emissions. We find that the performance of simulated aerosol optical depth (AOD) versus measurements from the AERONET network and satellite remote sensing improves significantly when using the updated offline dust emissions with the total global annual dust emission strength of 2,000 Tg yr-1 rather than the standard online emissions in GEOS-Chem. The offline high-resolution dust emissions are easily implemented in chemical transport models. The source code is available online through GitHub: https://github.com/Jun-Meng/geos-chem/tree/v11-01-Patches-UniCF-vegetation. The global offline high resolution dust emission inventory is freely available (see Code and Data Availability section). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]