Smart metasurface shaft for vibration source identification with a single sensor.

• Single-sensor on-shaft vibration source identification problem is studied. • A dynamic model with resonance frequency random distribution is proposed. • A smart metasurface shaft model is designed with random local resonators. • The frequency response transfer functions are designed to be highly uncorrelated. • Combining compressive sensing algorithm realizes the single-sensor identification. In vibration monitoring of rotating machinery, traditional methods necessarily rely on multiple sensors to locate the vibration sources on the shaft. Reducing the number of sensors is an engineering challenge for on-shaft vibration source identification. This paper proposed a smart metasurface shaft (SMST) to achieve single-sensor identification of vibration sources. For the proposed SMST, a thin metasurface consisting of rubber metal rings is designed to cover the shaft and is capable of smartly on-shaft sensing of vibration sources. For the metasurface, the rubber metal rings with random metal masses are used to construct random local resonator units, which leads to the random modulation of location-different vibration responses. Theoretical derivation and simulations demonstrate the mechanism of random modulation of on-shaft vibrations. By combining the SMST with the compressive sensing algorithm, the vibration source locations can be reconstructed from the measurement of a single sensor. For the proposed SMST, experiments demonstrate that the single-sensor vibration source identification can be achieved with a high correct recognition ratio. The proposed SMST provides a new idea on single-sensor on-shaft vibration sensing, which shows potential applications in rotor dynamics, such as rotating machinery condition monitoring, vibration identification, and fault diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]