Magnetic nanobiocatalyst for extraction of bioactive ingredients: A novel approach.

The surge in demand for bioactive ingredients in food, pharma, and nutraceutical industries has been witnessed in the last decade that fosters the efficient extraction processes. Immobilized enzymes are highly efficient, stable, and robust when compared to their free form and can be efficiently employed for the extraction of several bioactive ingredients. However, the immobilized enzyme on magnetic nanoparticles has not been much exploited. This review comprises developments in the field while focusing on recent advancements that outperformed conventional processes. It also focuses on the efficient designing of magnetic nanobiocatalyst, concerning their physicochemical properties that influence the overall extraction process, followed by their applications. Finally, potential opportunities and prospects have been discussed. Enzyme immobilization on iron-based nanoparticles facilitates easy separation while offering biocompatible and non-toxic bioactive extraction processes. The choice of enzyme or enzyme combinations and optimal reaction conditions are essential for efficient enzyme utility in such extractions. The tri-enzyme magnetic biocatalyst showed excellent stability in the pH range of 3–6 for different fruit juice clarification processes. The pre-treatments (ultrasonication, microwave, etc.), when applied to food waste, enhanced the extraction efficiency beyond 100%. The magnetic nanobiocatalyst retained more than 50% residual activity even beyond five cycles, and between 60-90% activity with shelf life of more than 30 days. Nevertheless, the potential of immobilized enzymes on magnetic nanoparticles needs further exploration for enhancing the efficiency of extraction processes. The magnetic biocatalyst can be a potential tool for an efficient extraction of the desired bioactive biomolecules. Image 1 • Magnetic nanoparticles are acclaimed potential carriers for enzyme immobilization. • Magnetic biocatalyst for extraction of bioactives has been extensively reviewed. • Efficient magnetic nanobiocatalyst can be designed with mixed or single enzymes. • Challenges and opportunities in the field are briefly critiqued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]