A Cosmography Approach to Dark Energy Cosmologies: New Constraints Using the Hubble Diagrams of Supernovae, Quasars, and Gamma-Ray Bursts.

In the context of a cosmography approach to using the data of the Hubble diagram for supernovae, quasars, and gamma-ray bursts, we study dark energy (DE) parameterizations and the concordance cold dark matter (ΛCDM) universe. Using different combinations of data samples including (i) supernovae (Pantheon), (ii) Pantheon + quasars. and (iii) Pantheon + quasars + gamma-ray bursts, and applying the minimization of χ2 function of the distance modulus of data samples in the context of the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, we obtain constrained values of cosmographic parameters in a model-independent cosmography scenario. We then investigate our analysis, for different concordance ΛCDM cosmology, wCDM, Chevallier–Polarski–Linder, and Pade parameterizations. Comparing the numerical values of the cosmographic parameters obtained for DE scenarios with those of the model-independent method, we show that the concordance ΛCDM model has serious issues when we involve quasar and gamma-ray burst data in our analysis. While high-redshift quasars and gamma-ray bursts can falsify the concordance model, our results using a cosmography approach indicate that the other DE parameterizations are still consistent with these observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]