Chemical Tools for Endogenous Protein Labeling and Profiling.

Protein analysis under biological conditions is now regarded as indispensable for understanding the structure and function of proteins, in addition to in vitro studies using purified target proteins. Because there are many molecules other than the protein-of-interest (POI) under live cell conditions, selective labeling of a POI is critical to distinguish the POI from other proteins for precise analysis. Protein labeling strategies utilizing genetically encoded tags have been used in POI modification in the complex environment of live cells. However, genetic manipulation may often induce overexpression of the POI and/or perturb the cellular context, resulting in unexpected artifacts in the protein analysis. Alternatively, recent progress in chemical biology has produced two major chemical approaches for analyzing endogenous proteins under native conditions. In this review, we summarize these techniques that utilize either protein-selective chemical labeling or proteome-directed chemical modification. Protein analysis in a biologically relevant context is now regarded as indispensable for deciphering the genuine structure and function of proteins. In this review, Shiraiwa et al. summarize recent advances in chemical approaches utilizing protein-selective chemical labeling and proteome-directed chemical modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]