Playing the China card or yellow perils? China, 'the Chinese', and race in South African politics and society.

Over the past several years there have been a number of racially-tinged incidents in South Africa involving 'the Chinese.' Simultaneously, the love affair between Chinese and South African government leaders has expanded to include local Chinese community leaders and local ANC officials. Based on ongoing research on Chinese communities in South Africa I examine these conflicting phenomena and explore the various ways in which the three main ethnic Chinese communities – Chinese South African, Taiwanese South African, and mainland Chinese migrant – and other South Africans respond to these often conflicting social and political messages. I argue that China's global ascendance and South Africa's increasing national-level dependence on China encourages some actors (both Chinese and non-Chinese) to opportunistically wield the China card while other non-Chinese South Africans respond with fear and racism, invoking Yellow Peril narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]