The archaeology of civil conflict in nineteenth century Spain: material, social and mnemonic consequences of the Carlist Wars.

This work deals with a set of internecine wars that took place in Spain during the nineteenth century. Generally known as the Carlist Wars, they represent a conflict that has barely been covered by archaeology. The aim of this paper is to briefly introduce these wars, analyse their material effects and reflect on their further consequences. In material terms, we take into consideration the influence of a growing globalization that can be clearly made out between the First and Third Carlist wars, both mediated by gradual industrialization and the American Civil War. In social and mnemonic terms, we examine the construction of a social memory that took place around this conflict and its effects to the present. In short, we provide a case of local internecine conflict that was at the same time inserted in worldwide social, economic and ideological processes underway during the nineteenth century and whose influence is still perceptible today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]