Narrow band red emitting europium complexes and their application in smart white LEDs and vapoluminescent sensors.

Narrow band red emitting phosphors play a vital role in high performance smart white LEDs. In this context, a series of new Eu(III) complexes have been synthesized with neutral ligands (C1-functionalised phenanthro-imidazole-based ancillary ligands substituted with phenyl moieties (m-CF3, p-CF3, p-CH3 and 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl group)) and dibenzoylmethane (DBM) as an anionic ligand. All the newly synthesized Eu-complexes showed extremely narrow band red emission due to the electric dipole transition (5D0–7F2, both in solid and thin film) with high quantum efficiency. A combined experimental and theoretical study indicates that the energy transfer from the ligand to the metal ion is complete. A temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) study in solution reveals that the red emission is retained (only the ED (5D0–7F2) intensity decreases with increasing temperature). Red LEDs and hybrid white LEDs were fabricated by using a near UV LED chip with europium complexes and a near UV/blue LED conjugated with a yellow organic dye and europium complex mixture, respectively. Hybrid white LEDs (Eu(DBM)3Phen-pCN-pCF3 + yellow organic dye) showed superior CRI (84%) and CIE (x = 0.36, y = 0.39) values (near UV based) and CRI (82%) and CIE (x = 0.34, y = 0.36) values (blue LED based). In addition, the studied Eu-complexes herein showed excellent reversible on–off–on luminescence behavior with exposure to acid–base vapours. Detailed spectroscopic investigation reveals that the protonation of the Eu-complexes (ligands) plays a key role in the on–off–on luminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]