Bioactive Indole Diterpenoids and Polyketides from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium javanicum.

Recently, a mangrove rhizosphere soil-derived fungus strain I Penicillium javanicum i HK1-23 was selected to be chemically investigated because its extracts showed antibacterial activity and had an interesting HPLC-UV profile. Indole diterpenes are a class of fungal natural products possessing an indole nucleus connected to a cyclized diterpene unit, produced by a variety of fungi including I Aspergillus i , I Penicillium i , and I Dichotomomyces i [[12]]. The results (Table 1) demonstrate that most of the isolated indole diterpenes show weak or no activity against these pathogenic bacteria except for emindole SB ( B 4 b ), which displayed selectivity toward I S. aureus i ATCC 33591 (MIC = 6.25 g/mL). The results (Table 2) reveal that the indole diterpene emindole SB ( B 4 b ) exhibits antifungal activities against four tested crop pathogens, especially strong activity against I G. graminis i , while polyketide penialidin A ( B 9 b ) only showed weak antifungal activities against I G. graminis i and I A. alternata i . [Extracted from the article]