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Ultrasound-assisted production of palm oil-based isotonic W/O/W multiple nanoemulsion encapsulating both hydrophobic tocotrienols and hydrophilic caffeic acid with enhanced stability using oil-based Sucragel.
- Source :
-
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry . Jun2020, Vol. 64, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- • A stable palm oil-based W/O/W multiple nanoemulsion was formulated. • Ultrasound is found to be more energy-efficient than microfluidizer to produce W/O/W. • Co-interaction of PGPR, palm oil, and sucragel imparted stability at the interphase. • Oil thickener provided better stability than water thickeners. • Isotonicity enhanced the stability of W/O/W. In this work, the effects of thickeners and tonicity towards producing stable palm oil-based water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple nanoemulsion using ultrasound and microfluidizer were investigated. Palm oil, Sucragel, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, Tween 80, Xanthan gum, and NaCl were used. W/O/W was formed under the optimized conditions of ultrasound at 40% amplitude and for 180 s of irradiation time, whereas for the microfluidizer, the optimized conditions were 350 bar and 8 cycles. This is the first work that successfully utilized Sucragel (oil-based thickener) in imparting enhanced stability in W/O/W. W/O/W with isotonic stabilization produced the lowest change in the mean droplet diameter (MDD), NaCl concentration, and water content by 1.5%, 2.6%, and 0.4%, respectively, due to reduced water movement. The final optimized W/O/W possessed MDD and dispersity index of 175.5 ± 9.8 and 0.232 ± 0.012, respectively. The future direction of formulating stable W/O/W would be by employing oil phase thickeners and isotonicity. The observed ~12 times lesser energy consumed by ultrasound than microfluidizer to generate a comparable droplet size of ~235 nm, further confirms its potential in generating the droplets energy-efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- *CAFFEIC acid
*PALM oil
*XANTHAN gum
*PALMS
*DROPLETS
*MENTAL depression
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 13504177
- Volume :
- 64
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 142794858
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.104995