Incidence and outcomes of invasive fungal infection among solid organ transplant recipients: A population‐based cohort study.

Background: Invasive fungal infection (IFI) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The long‐term probability of post‐transplant IFI is poorly understood. Methods: We conducted a population‐based cohort study using linked administrative healthcare databases from Ontario, Canada, to determine the incidence rate; 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year cumulative probabilities of IFI; and post‐IFI all‐cause mortality in SOT recipients from 2002 to 2016. We also determined post‐IFI, death‐censored renal allograft failure. Results: We included 9326 SOT recipients (median follow‐up: 5.35 years). Overall, the incidence of IFI was 8.3 per 1000 person‐years. The 1‐year cumulative probability of IFI was 7.4% for lung, 5.4% for heart, 1.8% for liver, 1.2% for kidney‐pancreas, and 1.1% for kidney‐only allograft recipients. Lung transplant recipients had the highest incidence rate and 10‐year probability of IFI: 43.0 per 1000 person‐years and 26.4%, respectively. The 1‐year all‐cause mortality rate after IFI was 34.3%. IFI significantly increased the risk of mortality in SOT recipients over the entire follow‐up period (hazard ratio: 6.50, 95% CI: 5.69‐7.42). The 1‐year probability of death‐censored renal allograft failure after IFI was 9.8%. Conclusion: Long‐term cumulative probability of IFI varies widely among SOT recipients. Lung transplantation was associated with the highest incidence of IFI with considerable 1‐year all‐cause mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]