黄河流域保护和发展存在的问题与对策.

： Problems in the Yellow River basin are as follows ： the incompatibility between management strategies in the wide reaches of the- Lower Yellow- River and water and sediment condition； the main frame of the water and sediment regulation system has not been formed; the upper and middle basin has poor economic development basis，harsh ecological environment and endures lack of water resources. Based on the previous and present management methods，the countermeasures for the training of the Yellow，River are provided by this paper. a) Com¬bining “two boundaries mode” and ecological management mode in the training of the wide reaches，using the long-distance high concentra¬tion pipeline sediment transport technolog^^ and other methods to rebuild the functional spaces in the “ newdy-fonned floodplains” and the “ highly-formed floodplains”. Functional spaces in the “ newdy-fonned floodplains” are for agricultural production and functional spaces in the “ highly-formed floodplains” are free for resettlement. Using the precast plank-stake combination dyke technology to build high-level river training stmctures and protection embankments in the “first boundary” construction. The “first boundary” can play a role in the flow，path control and sediment transportation. It can also protect the “ newly-for^med floodplains” under designed discharge. The regulation of the stream line is regarded as the sub-objective of the reser^^oir operation in the upper and middle reaches. Guide the stream line and promote the sedi¬ment transport capacity through river training structures. Achieve the benign management target of the effective utilization of the wide flood¬plains and the coadaptation of stream line stability under medium floods and specific floods conveyance. b) Construct the Guxian Project and the Heishanxia Project as soon as possible to establish main reser^^oirs of water and sediment regulation system in the Yellow River. The water and sediment regulation system in the Yellow River is beneficial in the disaster prevention and can promote the coordinated development of the ecological construction and regional economy in the Yellow River basin. It helps to promote the development of poverty-stricken areas，old revolutionary^ base areas and ethnic minority areas. It further promotes the economic revitalization of the west area and the overall situation of national ecology，food security，energy security and social stability. c) Use modern engineering measures to change the erosion datum level. Transfor^m the serious soil and water loss areas on the Loess Plateau to well-arranged plains. Biological measures are supplemented to reduce the amount of sediment transported into the Yellow- River and to exert ecological benefits persistently. d) The West Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project and the Water Transfer Project from Tibet can solve the water shortage situation and the trend of serious degra¬dation of the ecological environment in the Yellow River basin and North China, providing water resources guarantee for national water supply security, energy security, food security and ecological security. The “ Water Transfer from Tibet to the Yellow River” project is a fundamental plan for the sustainable development of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]