Resolving stellar populations with integral field spectroscopy.

High‐performance instruments at large ground‐based telescopes have made integral field spectroscopy (IFS) a powerful tool for the study of extended objects such as galaxies, nebulae, or even larger survey fields on the sky. Here, we discuss the capabilities of IFS for the study of resolved stellar populations, using the new method of point‐spread‐function‐fitting crowded field IFS, analogous to the well‐established technique of crowded field photometry with image sensors. We review early pioneering work with first‐generation integral field spectrographs, the breakthrough achieved with the multiunit spectral explorer (MUSE) instrument at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (ESO) Very Large Telescope, the remarkable progress accomplished with MUSE in the study of globular clusters, and first results on nearby galaxies. We discuss the synergy of integral field spectrographs at 8–10 m class telescopes with future facilities such as the extremely large telescope (ELT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]