Trauma‐induced exophthalmia in vermilion snapper, Rhomboplites aurorubens (Cuvier 1829): Treatment and prevention.

Similar to other vertebrates, teleost eyes have inverted retinas (Farrell et al., [10]; Kröger & Biehlmaier, [15]). However, unilateral pseudobranchectomies did not change visual pigment densities in ipsilateral and contralateral eyes, and oxygen partial pressure was shown to have decreased in the ipsilateral eye such that it was comparable to the contralateral eye, thus resolving the exophthalmos. Of these cases, 52.6% of patients presented with exophthalmia of the right eye (OD [oculus dextrus]), 26.3% presented with exophthalmia of the left eye (OS [oculus sinister]), 10.5% with exophthalmia of both left and right eyes (OU [oculus uterque]) and 10.5% with unilateral exophthalmia where the affected eye was not specified (unknown). Eyes were pretreated with ophthalmic antibiotics (Figure), typically ofloxacin (Bausch & Lomb Inc.), before aspirating gas from the adnexa, eye or retrobulbar areas using a 27-gauge needle in order to restore the eye to its natural shape and position (Figure). [Extracted from the article]