Evaluation of an augmented reality based image guidance system for laparoscopic liver surgery.

B Background: b Use of augmented reality (AR) based image guidance systems (IGS) has been proposed as a method to improve anatomical orientation during laparoscopic liver surgery (LLS) with potential benefits for patients. In addition enhanced visualisation methods with the potential to improve mental integration between surgeons and AR environment will be presented. During surgery a 3D liver model was manually overlayed onto the laparoscopic screen (registration) to create an AR environment. [Extracted from the article]