Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Regeneration: Focus on Pathophysiology and Molecular Mechanisms.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability and source of societal cost in older adults. These include therapeutic pharmacological and cell-based strategies, as well as biomechanical and biochemical mechanisms in OA pathophysiology, structure to function relationship of the extracellular matrix, molecular and neuronal pathways in OA, biomarkers for OA progression, and metabolism. While the mechanical impact of excess body weight on joints may explain lower limb OA, it is unclear whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to OA outside of excess weight and whether T2DM may play a role in OA pathophysiology. [Extracted from the article]