Landiolol, an ultra-short acting beta-1 blocker, for preventing postoperative lung cancer recurrence: study protocol for a phase III, multicenter randomized trial with two parallel groups of patients.

<bold>Background: </bold>Recurrence of cancer after curative surgery is a major problem after most cancer treatments. Increased sympathetic activity during the perioperative period could promote cancer cell invasion to blood vessels and angiogenesis, resulting in cancer metastasis. Recent studies showed that use of beta blockers can be associated with the prolonged survival of patients with cancer. The objective of this study is to evaluate the preventive effects of landiolol hydrochloride, which is an ultra-short-acting beta-1-selective blocker that has been developed in Japan, on reducing recurrence of cancer after curative surgery for patients with lung cancer.<bold>Methods: </bold>The present study is a phase III, multicenter, randomized trial with two parallel groups of patients with lung cancer, comparing surgery alone and surgery with landiolol administration for three days during the perioperative period. A total of 400 patients will be enrolled from 12 Japanese institutions. The primary endpoint is two-year relapse-free survival and overall survival after curative surgery for lung cancer. The secondary endpoints are additional treatment after recurrence of cancer, safety events, and the incidence of postoperative complications.<bold>Discussion: </bold>The principal question addressed in this trial is whether landiolol can reduce recurrence of cancer after curative surgery for lung cancer.<bold>Trial Registration: </bold>Japan Registry of Clinical Trials, jRCT2011180004. Registered 17 January 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]