Molybdenum-doped tin oxide nanoflake arrays anchored on carbon foam as flexible anodes for sodium-ion batteries.

Tin oxide (SnO 2) has been widely used as an anode material for sodium-ion storage because of its high theoretical capacity. However, it suffers from large volume expansion and poor conductivity. To overcome these limitations, in this study, we have designed and prepared Mo-doped SnO 2 nanoflake arrays anchored on carbon foam (Mo-SnO 2 @C-foam with 38.41 wt% SnO 2 and 3.7 wt% Mo content) by a facile hydrothermal method. The carbon foam serves as a three-dimensional conductive network and a buffer skeleton, contributing to improved rate performance and cycling stability. In addition, Mo doping enhances the kinetics of sodium-ion transfer, and the interlaced SnO 2 nanoflake arrays is beneficial to promote the conversion reactions during the charge/discharge process. The as-prepared composite with a unique structure demonstrate a high initial capacity of 1017.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, with a capacity retention over three times higher than that of the control sample (SnO 2 @C-foam) at 1 A g−1, indicating a remarkable rate performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]