Spintronics, from giant magnetoresistance to magnetic skyrmions and topological insulators.

This article aims at giving a general presentation of spintronics, an important field of research developing today along many new directions in physics of condensed matter. We tried to present simply the physical phenomena involved in spintronics – no equations but many schematics. We also described the applications of spintronics, those of today and those expected to have an important impact on the next developments of the information and communication technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]