Improved particle shifting technology and optimized free-surface detection method for free-surface flows in smoothed particle hydrodynamics.

This paper presents an improved particle shifting technology (IPST) for smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). It allows particles in the vicinity of the free-surface to be shifted in all the directions in case they are not uniformly distributed, rather than just shifted tangentially to the free-surface in some conventional particle shifting technologies. Therefore, with the new technique, the imprecise shifting due to the inaccurate evaluations of the local normal and tangential vectors of the free-surface can be avoided, and a more uniform particle distribution near the free-surface can be obtained even for long-term simulations, which improves the accuracy and stability of the SPH method. Besides, by combining the advantages of two existing free-surface detection methods, an optimized detection approach is provided. It is capable of detecting the free-surface particles accurately, and meanwhile, it is easier to implement and requires lower computational costs, especially for three-dimensional problems. Several numerical tests show that the proposed IPST and the optimized free-surface detection method are robust and accurate for the simulation of a variety of free-surface flows. • An improved particle shifting technology (IPST) in the SPH method is proposed. • An optimized free-surface detection method in SPH is introduced. • The accuracy and robustness of the proposed IPST is validated on several long-term simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]