Design, synthesis and antifungal activity evaluation of isocryptolepine derivatives.

• Modified the isocryptolepine and evaluated the antifungal activity for the first time. • This class exhibits good antifungal activity against six plant pathogenic fungi. • The antifungal mechanism of this type of compounds was explored firstly. In this paper, the nitrogen atom was inserted into the anthracycline system of the isocryptolepine nucleus to obtain the "Aza"-type structure benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c] quinazoline. A series of "Aza"-type derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activity against six plant fungi in vitro. Among all derivatives, compounds A-0 , B-1 and B-2 showed significant antifungal activity against B. cinerea with the EC 50 values of 2.72 μg/mL, 5.90 μg/mL and 4.00 μg/mL, respectively. Compound A-2 had the highest activity against M. oryzae with the EC 50 values of 8.81 μg/mL, and compound A-1 demonstrated the most control efficacy against R. solani (EC 50 , 6.27 μg/mL). Moreover, compound A-0 was selected to investigate the in vivo tests against B. cinerea and the results indicated that the preventative efficacy of it up to 72.80% at 100 μg/mL. Preliminary mechanism studies revealed that after treatment with A-0 at 5 µg/mL, the B. cinerea mycelia appeared curved, collapsed and the cell membrane integrity may be damaged. The reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear morphometry of mycelia have been changed, and the membrane function and cell proliferation of mycelia were destroyed. Compounds A-0 , A-1 , B-1 and B-2 presented weaker toxicities against two cells lines than isocryptolepine. This study lays the foundation for the future development of isocryptolepine derivatives as environmentally friendly and safe agricultural fungicides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]