Religious Invocations on Umayyad Lead Seals: Evidence of an Emergent Islamic Lexicon.

The article discusses the development of an Arabic political lexicon which illustrated, through lead seals, the Umayyad dynasty's control in their pursuit of administrative legitimacy during the formative Umayyad period in Islamic era. Topics discussed include characterization of Byzantine coins and seals from the early Islamic period, the significance of Islamic lexicon to Umayyad leaders, and major contributions to the analysis of the early Islamic and Umayyad seals.