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Benzenesulfonic acid functionalized hydrophobic mesoporous biochar as an efficient catalyst for the production of biofuel.
- Source :
-
Applied Catalysis A: General . Jun2019, Vol. 580, p178-185. 8p. - Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- • A sulfonated biochar is prepared by sulfonation method of 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid. • The sulfonated biochar have a strong hydrophobic network and acid density. • The catalyst is highly active for the esterification reactions. • The catalyst is active and selective for alkylation reactions. • The catalyst is stable for five runs. Catalytic esterification of fatty acid with methanol, alkylation of 4-ethylphenol with benzyl alcohol as well as 2-methylfuran with cyclopentanone are of great significant for the production of biofuels. However, the in-situ produced water decreases the acidity of catalyst and induces side reaction, leading to an unsatisfactory catalytic activity and selectivity. Herein, a novel biochar-based hydrophobic benzenesulfonic acid is prepared for the first time by one-pot sulfonation method of biochar with 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid. It has a large specific surface area of 100-400 m2/g, a hydrophobicity with H 2 O contact angle higher than 110° and a high concentration of sulfonic acid over 1.0 mmol/g. In the esterification reaction of fatty acid with methanol for synthesis of biodiesel, it shows a higher conversion of 96.0% than sulfonic acid resin amberlyst-15 (86.7%) and traditional sulfonated biochar-SO 3 H (28.0%). In the alkylation reaction of 4-ethylphenol with phenylmethanol/2-methylfuran with cyclopentanone for high-density bicyclic/monocyclic biofuel, its catalytic efficiency with target product yields are 69.4% and 70.5% respectively, which are also higher than that of amberlyst-15 (74.3%, 49.4%) and biochar-SO 3 H (14.7%, 13.0%). Furthermore, the catalyst is more stable than biochar-SO 3 H. The preparation of hydrophobic biochar-based sulfonic acid catalysts not only opens a new way for high-value utilization of biochar, but also provides a novel efficient catalyst in many acid-catalyzed transformation reactions that the product H 2 O causes deleterious effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0926860X
- Volume :
- 580
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Applied Catalysis A: General
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 138888310
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2019.04.031