Recent autochthonous cases of leishmaniasis in residents of the Republic of Dagestan, Russian Federation.

• The last record of human leishmaniasis from Dagestan was reported in 1938. • Locally-acquired Leishmania disease was diagnosed in 2 patients from Dagestan. • Problems in notification and timely diagnosis and treatment may occur in the future. Eighty years after the last published record of human leishmaniasis from Dagestan, Russian Federation, we report two recent cases which were most probably acquired locally: one case of visceral leishmaniasis in a 2-year old child, and one cutaneous leishmaniasis case in a 39-year-old man co-infected with HIV, both resident in Dagestan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]