Location models of charging and battery swapping facilities based on electric vehicles.

This paper studies the location problem of battery charging and swapping facilities based on electric vehicle under battery charging mode and swapping mode. Firstly, this study builds a path planning and vehicle scheduling model without charging or battery swapping and location models with the objective of minimizing the sum of electricity cost, fixed cost, opportunity cost, and penalty cost under both charging mode and battery swapping mode. Then an improved genetic algorithm is developed to solve the path planning model and the location models of charging or swapping facilities. Finally, this paper compares and analyzes the location decision of charging or swapping facilities and the relevant distribution cost under charging mode and battery swapping mode. Results of this study show that when there is no delay caused by the charging in distribution, the delivery cost under the charging mode is lower; but when there are delays caused by the charging, improving charging speed or using battery swapping mode can lower the delivery cost. In addition, the service cost of public charging stations will significantly affect the decision-making of logistics companies on whether to build their own charging facilities or use public charging stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]