Intelligent energy management for hybrid electric tracked vehicles using online reinforcement learning.

• The overall model for the hybrid electric tracked vehicle is built in detail. • Fast Q -learning algorithm is applied to derive energy management strategy. • An efficient online energy management strategy update framework is constructed. • Hardware-in-loop simulation experiment is conducted to validate the performance. • The strategy improves fuel economy and has potential for real-time applications. The energy management approach of hybrid electric vehicles has the potential to overcome the increasing energy crisis and environmental pollution by reducing the fuel consumption. This paper proposes an online updating energy management strategy to improve the fuel economy of hybrid electric tracked vehicles. As the basis of the research, the overall model for the hybrid electric tracked vehicle is built in detail and validated through the field experiment. To accelerate the convergence rate of the control policy calculation, a novel reinforcement learning algorithm called fast Q -learning is applied which improves the computational speed by 16%. The cloud-computation is presented to afford the main computation burden to realize the online updating energy management strategy in hardware-in-loop simulation bench. The Kullback-Leibler divergence rate to trigger the update of the control strategy is designed and realized in hardware-in-loop simulation bench. The simulation results show that the fuel consumption of the fast Q -learning based online updating strategy is 4.6% lower than that of stationary strategy, and is close to that of dynamic programming strategy. Besides, the computation time of the proposed method is only 1.35 s which is much shorter than that of dynamic programming based method. The results indicate that the proposed energy management strategy can greatly improve the fuel economy and have the potential to be applied in the real-time application. Moreover, the adaptability of the online energy management strategy is validated in three realistic driving schedules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]