Pollution Prevention and Control in Europe Revisited.

This article provides an operationalisation of the concept of integration within the meaning of the IPPC Directive along the dimensions of procedural, organisational, and substantive integration. Within this conceptual framework of integration, the national transpositions of the IPPC Directive in Germany, Denmark, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK are presented, and critically reviewed. On the basis of empirical implementation data and the results of legal analyses it is shown that the holistic approach of the IPPC Directive remains elusive in Europe. Therefore, the discussion concludes with some observations on regulatory credibility, efficiency, and strategy in a Union of 25 Member States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]