Exosomas en la propagación de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas.

Recently the abnormal aggregation of protein has been implicated in diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies have suggested that the transmission of these protein aggregates between neurons, are the underlying mechanism to progress and the pathology of the diseases. However, the precise mechanism which transmits these aggregates between neurons is unknown. They have suggested that the exosomes, a specific group of extracellular vesicles, can participate in the proteins, RNA and DNA transfer between neurons and play an important role in the transmission of aggregates. This manuscript describes various types of vesicles and evidence supporting the role of exosomes in the transmission of aggregates between neurons, as well as their relation to neurodegenerative processes. It also describes some mechanisms involved in transmission mediated by exosomes, how in the case of the exosomes released by nerve cells whose contents have molecular profiles that represent a time of the state of health of the brain, so it can used as biomarkers of the cerebral microenvironment and contribute to the progress of neurodegenerative diseases by facilitating the spread of proteins poorly folded to distant sites. This review also summarizes some studies in exosomes in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease and experimental models, and their potential use as biomarkers of diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]