Water distribution networks optimization considering unknown flow directions and pipe diameters.

• A new deterministic model for WDN optimization is proposed considering unknown flow directions. • The minimum WDN cost model considers a set of available commercial diameters. • No hydraulic simulator is used for calculating pressures and velocities. • Disjunctive programming is used in the model formulation. • Global optimum solutions were obtained. Water Distribution Networks (WDN) are present in a large number of industrial processes and urban centers. Reservoirs, pipes, nodes, loops, and pumps compose WDN and their design can be formulated as an optimization problem. The main objective is the minimization of the network cost, which depends on the pipe diameters and flow directions known a priori. However, in the design of new WDN in real industrial problems, flow directions are unknown. In the present paper, a disjunctive Mixed Integer NonLinear Programming (MINLP) model is proposed for the synthesis of WDN considering unknown flow directions. Two case studies are employed to test the model and global optimization techniques are used in its solution. Results show that the global optima WDN cost with the correct flow directions is obtained for the studied cases without the necessity of using additional software to calculate pressure drops and velocities in the pipes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]