Interactive decentralized operation with effective presence of renewable energies using multi-agent systems.

• Optimal decentralized operation of a multi-carrier energy system is considered. • A multi-agent system is used for decentralized modeling. • Effective presence of renewable agent in an electrical transaction. • A priced based demand response program is used for both electrical and thermal loads. • Using the proposed MAS simplifies the optimal operation problem of the proposed multi-carrier energy system. • Operational results are compared in centralized and decentralized approaches. Using a multi-agent system (MAS), the present research offers a model for an interactive decentralized operation of a multi-carrier energy system which includes electrical, thermal, and cooling loads. The novelty of the proposed model is that the photovoltaic (PV) agent as a renewable energy producer can directly influence the clearing price of electrical interaction without any supervisory control and only through communicating with other agents. Using battery storage status and upper grid energy price, this agent calculates its own power generation for each hour which results in optimization of social welfare and personal profit. In the current work, using decentralized private ownership in a multi-energy system leads to a plug and play feature which makes system development and scaling easier. Then, to evaluate decentralized approach, the proposed model is simulated with Any Logic programming package and its numerical results are compared to those of the centralized model. The results show that the effective presence of PV agent in electrical interaction decreases the social welfare while increases personal profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]