Development and characterization of air kerma cavity standard.

• The use of the heat-shrink tubing as the insulator simplified the chamber design and assembling. • Insulator has good electrical properties, dimensional stability and high resistance to radiation. • Revision of physical constants and correction factors for air kerma ICRU Report 90. • The air kerma rate obtained with the new chamber is in a good consistency with the primary standards. Ionization chambers are the most common detectors for precise measurements such as these required in radiation protection and radiotherapy. This paper presents the design, development and characterization of a new graphite-walled cavity ionization chamber used as a primary standard for air kerma rate for 137Cs and 60Co gamma radiation of the Central Office of Measures (GUM). The paper describes particularly methods for a cavity volume determination and the cavity volume relation to an electric field. The various correction factors to be applied to the primary standards and their determination by experimental and Monte Carlo methods are discussed. Re-evaluation of the standard according to the recommendations of ICRU90 Report for the new primary standard is presented. A typical uncertainty budget for the graphite-walled cavity ionization chamber as a primary standard for air kerma rate for gamma radiation is presented and results of internal comparisons between standards are summarized and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]