Elemental composition of suspended particles across the southeastern continental shelf off the coast of North Florida and South Georgia: Provenance, transport, fate and implications to mid-outer shelf water column processes.

This paper reports on the chemistry of suspended particulates collected in waters of the southeastern US continental shelf off the coasts of North Florida and South Georgia. Approximately 350 suspended sediment samples were analyzed for particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON), particulate aluminum and calcium and a suite of trace metals which included particulate alkaline earths (magnesium, strontium, barium), particulate rare earth metals (lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium and dysprosium), particulate transition metals (cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, nickel. scandium, titanium and vanadium) and others: particulate cadmium, zinc, thorium and uranium. The samples were collected in the fall of 1987 during a multidiscipline expedition (FLEX) focused on cross shelf exchange of water and materials during northward wind stress and fall Gulf Stream intrusions. Although samples were analyzed shortly after collection, archived data have not been previously presented. Results are interpreted with regard to how they relate to particle provenance, transport and fate. Results indicate that significant influence of terrestrial sources of suspended particles is limited to the inner shelf, however the concentrations of some metals, such as rare earths, appear to reflect this provenance across the entire shelf. Mid-outer shelf particles are dominated by re-suspended biogenic carbonates and biogenic organic carbon rich particles formed in response to Gulf Stream up welled nutrients. Particulate trace element concentrations and primary production in mid-outer shelf waters are interpreted as a response to not only nutrient, but also trace metal enrichment of up welled Gulf Stream water intruded onto the shelf. Based on particle chemistry, micro nutrients such as Fe in upwelled waters may be limiting in sustaining mid-outer shelf production. Other trace metals such as Sc appear to be enriched due to adsorption on organic rich particles. And the formation SrSO 4 particles, originating from Acantharian spicules, appear to create an environment for the precipitation of barite in outer shelf surface waters. • Carrier phases are biogenic, terrigeneous solids and resuspended carbonates. • Mid, outer shelf is dominated by suspended carbonates and biogenic particles. • Metals in upwell waters accumulate in particles by active uptake and adsorption. • Micro nutrients (eg.Fe) in upwelled waters may limit mid-outer shelf production. • Biogenic SrSO 4 formation-degradation leads to BaSO 4 formation on outer shelf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]