History of Urinary Retention Is a Risk Factor for Infection after Prostate Biopsy: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study.

<bold>Background and Aim: </bold>Infection or bleeding after transrectal prostate biopsy remains a concern of both patients and urologists. We explored the risk of association of certain co-morbidities with both complications.<bold>Patients and Methods: </bold>Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified patients undergoing prostate biopsy from 2000 to 2013. We used logistic multivariable regression to search for associations between post-biopsy hospitalization and the two co-morbidities within a year after biopsy.<bold>Results: </bold>Among 3,601 prostate biopsies, 100 infections (3.77%) and 52 (1.44%) bleeding-related emergency room visits and hospitalizations were recorded within 30 days after biopsy. The group having the biopsy as an inpatient exhibited older age (p < 0.0001) and a higher percentage of having diabetes mellitus (p = 0.015) than patients without either complication. The logistic multivariable regression analysis showed that urinary retention, freedom from diabetes, and performance as an outpatient procedure were independent risk factors for infection-related hospitalization (odds ratios 1.81, 1.96, and 1.72; p values 0.031, 0.037, and 0.010, respectively).<bold>Conclusion: </bold>Patients with a recent history of urinary retention have a higher probability of infection-related hospitalization after prostate biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]