Widespread interictal epileptic discharge more likely than focal discharges to unveil the seizure onset zone in EEG-fMRI.

Highlights • EEG-fMRI is useful to detect epileptic focus for refractory epilepsy, but is not always successful. • Number of interictal epileptic discharges is important factor to obtain significant BOLD cluster. • Widespread interictal discharges are more likely to localize the seizure onset zone than focal ones. Abstract Objective We hypothesized that the number of interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) during scan and their spatial extent are contributing factors in obtaining appropriate activations that reveal the seizure onset zone (SOZ) in EEG-fMRI. Methods 157 IED types, each corresponding to one EEG scalp distribution, in 64 consecutive EEG-fMRI studies from 64 patients with refractory localization-related epilepsy were reviewed. To determine reliable activation, we used the threshold corresponding to corrected whole-brain topological false discovery rate (FDR). The location with maximum activation was compared to the presumed SOZ as defined by a comprehensive evaluation for each patient. Results The number of IEDs was significantly higher in the types with t -value above FDR than with t -value below FDR. The presumed SOZ could be delineated in 30 of the 64 patients. Among these patients, the types of IED concordant with the SOZ had significantly larger extent on scalp EEG than the IED types discordant with the SOZ. Conclusions The number of IEDs is important factor in obtaining reliable activations in EEG-fMRI. IEDs with larger spatial extent are more likely to reveal, on maximum BOLD, accurate location of the SOZ. Significance Widespread discharges are more likely to yield a reliable activation for SOZ in EEG-fMRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]