Self-assembled nanovehicle-mediated co-encapsulation of inactivated EV71 virus and CpG oligonucleotides elicits potent anti-EV71 humoral and cellular immune protective responses.

Abstract Inactivated vaccines are widely used for prevention of viral disease. Both humoral and cellular immune responses have been shown to play important roles in the control and clearance of virus infections. CpG motif containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) have recently gained considerable interest and been used as vaccine adjuvant due to their potent abilities to modulate host immune response. In this study, CpG-ODN adjuvant and inactivated viral particles of enterovirus 71 (EV71) were co-encapsulated into nanoparticles (NP) generated by using protamine sulfate (PS) and carboxymethyl β-glucan (CMG) through a self-assembly approach. The administration of EV71 nanovaccine elicited not only specific anti -EV71 neutralizing antibody response, but also cellular immune response characterized by strong productions of IFN-α and IFN-γ. The results suggest that CMG/PS-based nanovehicles hold a great potential to be a novel platform for nanovaccine development against viral disease. Highlights • CMG/PS-based nanovehicles for co-encapsulation of inactivated virus with CpG-ODN to induced potent innate and adaptive immune responses with good biocompability. • CMG/PS-based nanovehicles play dual roles not only as immunoadjuvant but also as nanovector for targeted DC delivery through interacting with dectin-1 receptor located on DC surface. • CpG-ODN-entrapping CMG/PS nanovehicles hold a great potential to be a novel universal adjuvant platform for vaccine development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]