上海市美沙酮维持治疗门诊就诊者毒品滥用及其影响因素.

Objective To investigate the proportion of drug abuse of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) objects and to identify its related factors. Methods A total of 1 960 MMT objects in 14 MMT clinics in Shanghai were recruited to participate in a cross-section study. Questionnaire including demographic information, drug abuse and MMT information were surveyed. Urine sample was collected to conduct multi-drug test as a biological marker to identify morphine, methamphetamine (crystal meth), marijuane, methylenedioxy methamphetamine (ecstasy), and ketamine (specieal K) abuse. Results The average age of the 1 960 objects was (49.3±8.7) years old. The average duration of drug abuse was (19.0±6.0) years. About 23.3% of all the objects self-reported they had used club drug before, and 7.1% had abused drug in the past one month. Urine test showed that among the 1 960 objects, 9.1% had abused morphine, 3.7% had abused methamphetamine, 0.1% had abused ketamine, 0.3% had abused ecstasy and 0.2% had abused marijuana. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that group of negative attitude towards club drug offered by friends had lower risk of abusing morphine (OR=0.23, 95%CI: 0.14-0.39) and club drug (OR=0.08, 95%CI: 0.05-0.15). The group of no contacts with drug abuse companion (OR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.40-0.87) and not having dropped out during MMT (OR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.30-0.64) had lower risk of abusing morphine. Compared with group of having good relationship with family and having daily methadone dose of 0-39 mL, the group of having ordinary relationship with family (OR=2.40, 95%CI: 1.17-4.92) and having daily methadone dose of 40-59 mL (OR=1.96, 95%CI: 1.05-3.65) had higher risk of abusing morphine. Compared with group of attending MMT for less than 3 years, the group of attending MMT for 4-6 years had lower risk of abusing morphine (OR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.31-0.82) and club drug (OR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.17-0.97). Conclusions Drug abuse of morphine and club drug were common during MMT clinics in Shanghai, and is related with the family, contacts with drug abuse companion, drop out during MMT, and years eurolled in MMT. Pertinence publicity and behavioural intervention should be undertaken to reduce drug abuse in MMT objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]