Long-term simulation of space-charge effects.

Abstract The long-term macroparticle tracking simulation is computationally challenging but needed in order to study space-charge effects in high intensity circular accelerators. To address the challenge, in this paper, we proposed using a fully symplectic particle-in-cell model for the long-term space-charge simulation. We analyzed the artificial numerical emittance growth in the simulation and suggested using threshold numerical filtering in frequency domain to mitigate the emittance growth in the simulation. We also explored alternative frozen space-charge simulations and observed qualitative agreement with the self-consistent simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]