Shifting planting date of Boro rice as a climate change adaptation strategy to reduce water use.

Abstract Suitable adaptation strategies for dry season Boro rice cultivation under future climate change scenarios are important for future food security in Bangladesh. This study assessed the effect of shifting trans−/planting date of dry season Boro rice as an adaptation strategy, with focus on water requirements under future climate scenarios. Potential crop water requirement, effective rainfall and irrigation requirement to satisfy crop evapotranspiration of Boro rice were estimated using CropWat 8.0 for early, normal and late planting dates for 2050s and 2080s. Future climate scenarios were constructed using five global circulation model (GCM) outputs for RCP 4.5 and 8.5 by statistical downscaling and bias correction. Number of days exceeding the threshold temperatures (maximum of 35 °C and minimum of 25 °C) was counted for critical period of Boro rice to understand compatibility of the changed planting dates. Results indicate that late planting can substantially reduce irrigation demand by increasing rainfall availability during Boro growth duration, but the option is very limited due to both day- and night-time heat stress. An early planting, on the other hand, accounts for high water demand but ensures suitable temperature during the critical growth stages of the crop. The normal planting dates show the possibility of day-time heat stress. So, late planting of temperature-tolerant cultivars or early planting of high-yielding varieties would be recommended based on local water availability. However, adjustment of the planting date is currently limited because high temperature-tolerant cultivars are not available in the study region. Highlights • Estimations of water requirements of Boro rice at early, normal and late planting dates for RCP 4.5 and 8.5 in 2050s and 2080s. • Late planting substantially reduce irrigation demand, but increase the risk of day- and night-time heat stress. • Early planting increase irrigation demand, but reduce the risk of day- and night-time heat stress. • Shift of trans−/planting dates of long duration cultivars may bring more fluctuations in available rainfall and irrigation requirements than short duration cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]